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"Key to Newspaper Survival is Putting Emphasis on Local," at Southwest Region News Service Blog -- online at southwestregionnewsservice.blogspot.com. PROGRAM OF WEEK: “Vegetable Gardening for Beginners” will be taught from 11 a.m. to noon, Saturday, May 10 at the Midtown Carnegie Library. Topics to be covered include preparing soil, purchasing plants and seeds, harvesting and container gardening. The program is being hosted by the Master Gardeners of Greene County and taught by chapter members Shelley Vaugine and Gina Marie Walden. To register for the program call 576-0473 or 862-4399. WEBSITE PICK: Extension information from across the nation can be found at www.extension.org. MU RESEARCH: Read this media release, " Bread Mold May Hold Secret to Eliminating Disease-Causing Genes,” can be found at munews.missouri.edu/news-releases/2008. TABLE OF CONTENTS FOR MAY 9, 2008
* YOUTH: Summer Camp Opportunities are Plentiful with 4-H in 2008 * YOUTH/FARM: Fair Exhibitors with Animals Should Take Biosecurity Precautions * NUTRITION: Make Perfect Jams and Jellies by Avoiding Common Problems * GARDENING: Preventing Squirrel Damage to Garden and Flowers Can be a Challenge * GARDENING: Powered Lawn Mowers Can Throw Objects at 200+ mph * FARM: Get Test, Analysis Before Using Poultry Litter to Amend Soil * FARM: Manure Entrepreneurs to Speak May 22 at MU * FARM: A Few Precautions Help Prevent Bloat in Cattle * FARM: Appearance of Red Sorrel in SW Missouri Fields Due to Wet Weather, Lack of Fertilizer May 9, 2008 The wide variety of 4-H camps available in 2008 offer fun and learning opportunities for every child according to Karla Deaver, 4-H youth development specialist, University of Missouri Extension. “Camps are being offered in specific project areas, like beef, dairy and space camp. There is a teen 4-H camp, clover kid’s camp and member camps are also scheduled. There really is a camp for every child,” said Deaver. DAIRY COW CAMP The 12th Annual 4-H Dairy Cow Camp is scheduled for May 28-30 at Robthom Farm in Springfield, Mo. This three day camp provides an opportunity for campers to learn how to fit, judge and show dairy cattle. It also gives them a chance to team with another camper (perhaps from another state) to accomplish goals. This year’s campers will also receive Show-Me Quality Assurance training, required for exhibiting at the 2008 Missouri State Fair. Call the Greene County Extension center at (417) 862-9284 for more information. DAIRY JUDGING CAMP New this year is 4-H Dairy Judging Camp, which will be held July 8-10 at the University of Missouri in Columbia. The three day camp will focus on improving judging skills and enhancing reasons delivery. Campers will spend time on campus touring animal sciences and will also have an opportunity to meet some of the Mizzou athletic students. For more information contact Karla Deaver at (417) 466-3102. BEEF CAMP The Annual 4-H Beef Camp is scheduled for June 10 at the Dallas County Fair Grounds in Buffalo, Mo. Campers will receive instruction in nutrition, fitting and grooming, showmanship, ethics and judging of beef cattle. Participants may either camp out at the fairgrounds or stay at nearby hotels. For more information, contact Gary Naylor at (417) 345-7551. AEROSPACE CAMPS Aerospace Camps will be held July 22-24 and July 29-31 at Rolla campus of the Missouri University of Science and Technology. Space campers experience aeronautics and space flight from a “ground-up” perspective. They learn about the history of flight, astronomy and space exploration. Campers get to visit with a real astronaut, participate in rocket construction and launching, and compete in a paper airplane contest. For more information, call (573) 341-4200. 4-H AT ROARING RIVER The theme for this year’s 4-H camps at Roaring River State Park is “Show Me Your True Colors.” Teen camp (for children 13 and over) is scheduled for June 15-18. The Clover Kids Camp, for those age 5 to 7, is scheduled for June 14-15 and 21-22. Clover kids are accompanied to camp by a parent. Additional camps for member 4-H’ers are scheduled for June 18-21 and June 23-26. Children who are not members of 4-H may attend camp with a 4-H friend simply by paying the camping fee of $70 and $8 state 4-H dues. May 9, 2008 Fair Exhibitors with Animals Should Take Biosecurity Precautions According to MU Extension Specialist In anticipation of this year’s county fairs and livestock season, exhibitors need to be aware of biosecurity precautions for their animals. According to Amanda Marney, agriculture preparedness specialist, University of Missouri Extension, FFA and 4-H members understand the preparation and hard work it takes to bring home Grand Champion honors. However, they may not know that they need to observe some basic biosecurity measures. “All exhibitors and their parents should talk about how they can make biosecurity part of their daily animal care,” said Marney. “They can also discuss these points with their veterinarian.” WHY BIOSECURITY? Biosecurity is what each individual can do to help prevent the spread of infectious diseases. Although it should be a part of daily animal care, even the best biosecurity plan cannot avoid all risk of disease. “Exhibitors need to realize that their animals can get sick from bacteria and viruses just like they can. The germs could be on contaminated feed, bedding, dirt or a worker’s clothing, equipment or other infected animals. Biosecurity can help animals stay healthy by breaking the chain of transmission,” said Marney. At fairs and livestock shows, animals from different species, breeds, age and gender are co-mingled. The animals also come from different locations and are managed very differently. This co-mingling of animals creates an atmosphere that could lead to the transmission of diseases. In addition, travel, close confinement in unfamiliar settings and other stressors can lead to increased disease susceptibility. Stress can also cause animals that could be carriers of disease to shed these organisms in increased quantities. “Fairs and livestock shows also allow people from a cross-section of the population to have close contacts with animals. All of these factors put exhibitioner’s animals at risk of becoming exposed to a disease,” said Marney. STEPS TO TAKE There are several biosecurity steps that exhibitors and their families can take before and during a fair or livestock show to keep their animals healthy according to Marney. For example, work with a vet to make sure the animals are vaccinated and that health inspections are updated on all animals. Also, do not bring any visibly sick animals to a show or fair. “Remember to disinfect all equipment – like buckets, shovels, wheelbarrows, manure baskets, lead ropes, blankets, snares, clippers, scissors, brushes and show boxes -- before entering the fairgrounds. Roccal D Plus is a recommended disinfectant that is available from most veterinarian or vet supply stores,” said Marney. It is also a good idea to avoid sharing equipment with other exhibitors unless it is disinfected before and after each use. Minimize stress on the animal as much as possible before a show or fair and always keep unused equipment and feed bagged or covered. “Vehicles and trailers used to transport animals should be well cleaned and disinfected, inside and out. Do not transport other exhibitors’ animals in the same trailer,” said Marney. During the fair or show, keep the animals comfortable and eating the same feed as at home. Keeping nose-to-nose contact with animals from other farms at a minimum is also recommended. Contact with manure from other animals should also be avoided, and equipment should be kept free and clean of manure. Exhibitors should also practice good personal hygiene by washing hands after touching animals and before eating. “Clean and disinfect all items at the end of the fair before taking them home. Then properly dispose of unused bedding, hay and feed after the fair. Do not bring it home,” said Marney. AFTER THE FAIR Marney says it is important to note that good biosecurity does not end once the fair is finished. “It is important to keep fair animals isolated from other animals and pets for at least 30 days. If possible, you should quarantine the animals in a facility that is completely separate from your other animals to avoid contact or airborne transmission of a possible disease,” said Marney. May 9, 2008 Make Perfect Jams and Jellies by Avoiding Common Problems Berries are starting to get ripe and gardeners are thinking about stocking their shelves with homemade jams and jellies. This is also the time of year when Tammy Roberts, a nutrition and health education specialist with University of Missouri Extension, starts giving tips for better jams and jellies “A common question people ask about making jelly is if they can just double the recipe and make one large batch,” said Roberts. Actually, that is not recommended because it would then be necessary to boil the jelly longer. Longer boiling times can cause a loss of flavor, darkening, and toughening of jelly. Rapid boiling is preferred because long, slow boiling can destroy the pectin in the fruit juice. One of the most common problems with jellies is the formation of crystals according to Roberts. There are several causes. One cause is excess sugar in the recipe. A tool for testing the amount of sugar needed for jelly is a jelmeter. A jelmeter is a small glass tube that is open at both ends. The rate of flow of the juice through the tube is a measure of the jellying power of the juice. Readings on the tube show how much sugar should be used. Crystals sometimes form when undissolved sugar sticks to the sides of the pot when the jelly is cooking. To prevent these crystals, Roberts recommends using a damp cloth to wipe away all crystals from the side of the pan before filling the jars. “Crystals form when jelly is cooked too slowly or too long,” said Roberts. Another type of crystal is a tartrate crystal found in grape juice. To help prevent tartrate crystals in grape jelly, extract the juice from the grapes and refrigerate overnight. Strain the juice to remove the crystals that have settled before making the jelly. There are several reasons a batch of jelly turns out too soft. Causes include overcooking fruit when extracting the juice, using too much water to extract the juice, not using exact proportions of sugar and juice or not cooking jelly long enough which causes an insufficient concentration. Sometimes there is not enough acid in the fruit for jellying to occur. Lemon juice can be added to prevent this problem. Jellied products are supposed to sit for 12 hours after they are made. Moving them too soon can cause the end product to be too soft. “A darker than normal color of jelly can be caused by overcooking the sugar and juice or by storing jelly too long or at too high a temperature. Jelly should be stored in a cool place and used within a year,” said Roberts. If you have questions about a problem you have had making jams or jellies, please call Roberts at the University of Missouri Extension Office at (417) 682-3579. May 9, 2008 Preventing Squirrel Damage to Garden and Flowers Can be a Challenge Homeowners do have some options and strategies that can work according to David Burton, civic communication specialist with University of Missouri Extension. “Squirrels can be persistent, but eventually they will find something else to do with their time,” said Burton. “I’ve learned several of these lessons from first-hand experience.” REPELLENTS “Repellents exist and do work but it is best to avoid repellents around garden plants or items you will be eating,” said Burton. Naphthalene (moth balls) may temporarily discourage squirrels from attics and other enclosed spaces but the use of naphthalene is not recommended in occupied buildings. Ro-pel is a taste repellent that can be applied to seeds, bulbs, flowers, trees and shrubs, poles and fences, siding and outdoor furniture. Polybutenes are sticky materials that can be applied to buildings, railings, downspouts, and other areas to keep squirrels from climbing. The downside is that they can be very messy. CONTROL METHODS Keeping squirrels out of gardens and small orchards can be tricky since homeowners also want to retain access to the garden. One recommended method is the use of custom-designed wire mesh fences topped with electrified wires. In backyards where squirrels are causing problems at bird feeders, one option is to provide an alternative food source. Wire or nail an ear of corn to a tree or wooden fence post away from where the squirrels are causing problems. In high-value crop situations, it may pay to remove woods or other trees near orchards to block the “squirrel highway.” SHOOTING & TRAPPING Population reduction through trapping or shooting (provided either is legal in your area) is also an option. Just keep in mind that shooting is not allowed in most towns or neighborhoods. “Missouri also has an official hunting season for squirrels which would limit this option to a specific period of time and only if the shooter has a hunting license,” said Burton. Live trapping is another option but squirrels that are caught live need to be moved at least five miles to keep them from returning. “Just keep in mind that the translocation of tree squirrels is a questionable practice because of the stress placed on transported and resident squirrels and concerns regarding the transmission of diseases,” said Burton. May 9, 2008 Powered Lawn Mowers Can Throw Objects at 200+ mph People fall victim to the revolving blades of powered lawn mowers each year, according Bob Schultheis, a natural resource engineering specialist with University of Missouri Extension. "Objects can be thrown at more than 200 mph -- about 300 feet per second. The reaction time of most people is about two-thirds of a second, so there is no time to react to a spinning blade or to a thrown object," Schultheis said. A special precaution should be taken by adults to make sure kids are properly trained before letting them mow. Schultheis says if slopes are too steep for either riding or push mowers, they should be trimmed by hand or planted in a low-maintenance ground cover. With riding mowers, take extra care when turning, and look behind before backing up. With push mowers, avoid pulling backward. You risk having your feet slip under the mower deck. Whether power or push, be sure to shut the mower off before unclogging it or leaving it. "People in tennis shoes, sandals, bare feet and shorts run the risk of serious injury if the mower throws a rock or stick, or if their feet slip on the grass," Schultheis said. Schultheis also recommends selecting the right mower for the job and making sure you have the size, strength and experience to run it. Take time to get to know the equipment, read the owner’s manual and follow all safety decal instructions. It is also a good idea to prepare properly by making sure all mower guards and controls are working. “Pick up sticks, toys, rocks and trash in the area to be mown. Dress for safety too. This means wearing deep-tread, hard-toe shoes and long pants for foot and leg protection,” said Schultheis. It is also a good idea to use safety glasses and expandable foam ear plugs, plus a dust mask for those prone to respiratory allergies. “Wait until grass is dry before mowing. With push mowers, mow across the slope, never up and down. With riding mowers, mow up and down slopes; not across them, and never allow extra riders,” said Schultheis. May 9, 2008 Get Test, Analysis Before Using Poultry Litter to Amend Soil High fertilizer prices have caused many producers in southwest Missouri to take another look at using poultry litter to supply the nutrients needed for their forages or crops. However, soil testing is still the first step to take when planning to use plant nutrients (found in litter) to improve crop production. “Knowing what your soil lacks and what your crop needs will save you money, grow better crops, and protect streams and lakes,” said Ted Fry, an agronomy specialist with University of Missouri Extension. There are other aspects to consider too according to Fry. First and foremost is the fact that poultry litter is not “fertilizer” unless it has been tested by the Missouri Department of Agriculture and certified to contain a guaranteed N-P-K analysis. “An analysis of 3-3-2 would mean that every 100 pounds of the litter would contain three pounds of total nitrogen (N), three pounds of phosphate (P), and two pounds of potassium (K) for example,” said Fry. Some processed and or pelletized litter products have been certified but most of the litter that is spread comes directly from the farm. University of Missouri laboratories and other labs statewide have conducted many actual analyses of confinement litter. Some of that information is included in MU Extension guide sheet “WQ222 Spreading Poultry Litter Without Lab Analysis but With Soil Analysis,” which provides information about average nutrient levels in turkey litter. “Those averages vary somewhat though depending on moisture content and percentage of bedding material that is not decomposed,” said Fry. A typical cool season grass hay field that could be used later, after fall regrowth, for stockpiling, would require about 60 to 80 pounds of nitrogen in early to mid-spring and perhaps 40 pounds in August or September. If there is a good stand of legumes growing (over 30 percent of the field) then nitrogen is not recommended. Phosphorous is another category where litter can help a lot according to Fry. “Many Ozark soils are low in phosphorous and need all the phosphorous that litter contains. In those cases, reasonably priced litter provides phosphorous at significantly less expense than commercial fertilizer,” said Fry. Litter does range widely in the cost to spread it on the field. From free to neighbors to $30 per ton or more. “Knowing what the litter contains and figuring the value per pound, along with knowing what your soil and crop needs, will save a landowner money. Low rates of litter at high prices may not provide enough nitrogen for good grass production,” said Fry. May 8, 2008 Manure Entrepreneurs to Speak May 22 at MU The high price of commercial fertilizer makes poultry manure worth more money, said Dennis Feezor, High Point, Mo. He found that waste from his and his neighbors' poultry houses has become a product in high demand. "We can't make enough of it," Feezor said. "It" is composted poultry manure. Feezor will speak as a "manure entrepreneur" at the annual Breimyer Seminar, May 22, at the University of Missouri-Columbia. "Entrepreneurs are taking advantage of economic, cultural and environmental changes to transform what was once called a waste into a recognized resource," said seminar organizer Laura McCann. McCann, associate professor of agricultural economics, lined up livestock producers, manufacturers, marketers and academics to talk about new uses for livestock waste. Feezor and 11 neighbors formed a co-op to compost poultry manure for sale as a value-added product. "We started thinking we had a niche product for organic growers," Feezor said. "Now, with the price of fertilizer going out of sight, we are selling to crop farmers. We could have sold three times what we produced this year." The Breimyer Seminar, which addresses a new agricultural policy issue each year, has a theme this year of "Manure Entrepreneurs: Turning Brown into Green." Other farmers will tell how they turn swine and cow manure into profits. John Lory, MU Extension nutrient management specialist with the Commercial Agriculture program, will speak on "How High Fuel, Fertilizer and Commodity Prices Affect Manure Management Decisions." The seminar is funded in part by a trust fund in honor of Harold Breimyer, longtime USDA and MU agricultural economist. This year's seminar is dedicated to Charles Fulhage, MU agricultural engineer in manure management, who died in a truck crash earlier this year. Advance registration is required, though the $25 fee can be paid at the door. The fee includes lunch and a permit for on-campus parking. For information or registration, contact Joyce White at whitej@missouri.edu or 573-882-6533. The program is available online at http://agebb.missouri.edu/mgt/08breimyer.pdf. May 9, 2008 A Few Precautions Help Prevent Bloat in Cattle Exceptional amounts of rain and cool weather have resulted in an abundance of clover in southwest Missouri pastures this spring according to Eldon Cole, University of Missouri Extension livestock specialist. For the most part, the clover and other legumes are a good thing and should enhance weight gains and milk production. “They are also helpful in reducing the incidence of fescue toxicosis symptoms as they dilute the level of the toxin consumed by the cattle,” said Cole. According to Cole, excellent legume stands can cause some concern about the risk of bloat. The two legumes most often associated with bloat are alfalfa and ladino clover with some risk from red clover. Lespedeza, hop clover and birdsfoot trefoil are considered non-bloating legumes. “Even though bloat is a risk on the fresh, lush legume, it seldom results in serious problems like death or the need to surgically relieve the pressure on the animal. We usually tell concerned farmers that by following a few precautions they should be able to safely graze their pastures,” said Cole. The precautions include: filling the cattle with dry hay before turning them in on a high percentage legume pasture; turning cattle in only after the dew or overnight rain is off the forage; once the cattle are on the legume pasture, leaving them instead of moving them in and out; observing cattle closely during their first introduction to the pasture because some animals bloat more easily than others. Another helpful tool in bloat prevention is poloxalene. It is a feed additive that is in various supplements and should be fed several days before turning the cattle on the pasture. “The risk to cost ratio would need to be considered by the owner as it is to be fed during the time the cattle are grazing high-risk pastures. Cost per day for light weight yearlings could run as little as 10 cents or around a quarter per cow for 1,200 pound animals,” said Cole. May 9, 2008 Appearance of Red Sorrel in SW Missouri Fields Due to Wet Weather, Lack of Fertilizer University of Extension agronomy specialists in southwest Missouri have been getting lots of calls about the perennial weed red sorrel showing up in area pastures. The weed is known to be toxic to cattle at certain times of the year. Red sorrel is normally associated with low fertility and acidic soils so it can also be an indicator of fertility trouble in the pasture or hay field. “I attribute the appearance of red sorrel in our region to the heavy moisture we have received this spring and the lack of fertilizer that has been spread. Fertilizer, particularly nitrogen, tends to help forages crowd out this pest,” said Tim Schnakenberg, an agronomy specialist with MU Extension in southwest Missouri. Control can be gained by using Banvel, Weedmaster, Cimarron, Cimarron Max or Grazon. “Most fields may not justify a control but if it is thick enough, it may be worth a try, particularly if other troublesome weeds exist. Unfortunately, early April is the best time for control in our region,” said Schnakenberg. "Key to Newspaper Survival is Putting Emphasis on Local," at Southwest Region News Service Blog -- online at southwestregionnewsservice.blogspot.com. PROGRAM OF WEEK: Tuesday, June 10 is the Dallas County Beef Cow Camp at the Dallas County Fairgrounds. The event will feature instruction on feeding, fitting, grooming and showing the beef project. Gary Naylor, a livestock specialist with University of Missouri Extension, will be the principal instructor and will be assisted by Erica Winkler, Dallas County 4-H Program Assistant. Members of the Buffalo FFA will also help teach younger participants. Those interested in attending can call the Dallas County Extension Center at (417) 345-7551. There is no cost but campers are encouraged to preregister. A noon meal of hamburgers and hot dogs will be provided. WEBSITE PICK: Extension information from across the nation can be found at www.extension.org. MU RESEARCH: Read this media release, " Too Much Technology May Be Killing Beneficial Bacteria" and "Hiding Indoors to Escape Allergies Could Make the Problem Worse, MU Expert Says," can be found at munews.missouri.edu/news-releases/2008. TABLE OF CONTENTS FOR MAY 2, 2008
* NUTRITION: "Desk Dining" has Downsides for Health and Nutrition * FARM: Controlling Musk Thistle is Neighborly * COMMUNITY: VITA Volunteers Recognized for Tax Assistance Program in Stone and Taney Counties * GARDENING: "Young Sprouts in the Garden" Event May 31 Will Highlight Fun and Benefits of Gardening for Kids * GARDENING: Most Frequent Questions to Master Gardener Hotline This Week Deal with Tomatoes or Weeds * GARDENING: Simple Management Steps Help Health of Tomato Plants * COMMUNITY: Plan Ahead for Your Pets in Case of Emergency * COMMUNITY: University of Missouri President Learns About Community Impact of MU Extension at Greene County Open House May 2, 2008 May 2, 2008
For more information on the musk thistle weevil, contact the nearest University of Missouri Extension Center and ask for guide sheet 4867, "Integrated control of musk thistle using weevils." An informational brochure is also available online at http://extension.missouri.edu/greene. May 2, 2008 May 2, 2008 May 2, 2008 It is still possible to spray and kill the weed now. But fall applications of post emergence broadleaf herbicides remain the best solution for preventing or limiting this weed next year. May 2, 2008 The tomato is the most popular garden vegetable in America. May 2, 2008 May 2, 2008 "Sunshine Audits a Great Way to Test Compliance," at Southwest Region News Service Blog -- online at southwestregionnewsservice.blogspot.com. PROGRAM OF WEEK: “Food Power” will be presented on Friday, May 2 at the elementary school in Fair Grove . This nutrition education program is open only to students at Fair Grove on this day. For media inquiries contact Food Power Coordinator Brenda Shannon at (417) 866-3039 or via e-mail at shannonbe@missouri.edu. WEBSITE PICK: Get access to all of 2007 annual reports for MU Extension Centers in southwest Missouri at one access point: extension.missouri.edu/swregion/IMPACT/2007AR/2007AnnualReports.shtml. MU RESEARCH: Read this media release, "MU Researchers find Clue to Cataract Formation" can be found at munews.missouri.edu/news-releases/2008. TABLE OF CONTENTS FOR APRIL 25, 2008 April 25, 2008 Fungicides on Wheat: Timing is Critical “Apply fungicide to wheat at the early boot stage to head emergence,” said Jay Chism , MU Extension Agronomy Specialist in Barton County. “Research shows fungicides at this growth stage, when the flag leaf is in danger of infection will provide the most benefit.” There are several foliar fungal diseases that can cause yield loss on wheat in southwest Missouri. According to Laura Sweets, MU Plant Pathologist, leaf rust, strip rust and Septoria leaf blight are diseases that are likely to cause yield loss. “The incidence and severity of these foliage diseases will depend on the weather conditions during the growing season,” said Sweets. “The susceptibility of the variety to each of these diseases and the amount of inoculum in each field will also determine the severity of disease infection.” Most wheat foliage diseases are favored by warm, wet conditions. Frequent light rains, heavy dews, high relative humidity and warm temperatures are ideal for the buildup of foliage diseases. “It is important to scout wheat fields for diseases,” said Chism. It is also important for growers to know the difference between viral and fungal diseases. “Several fields in the area are showing signs of viruses, but only very limited fungal pathogens have been found,” adds Chism. “Fungicides will have no effect on viral diseases.” If fungal diseases are threatening to infect the flag leaf, then Chism says applying foliar fungicides is a good practice. Still, farmers need identify the disease and the severity before they make that determination. For more information on applying foliar fungicides to wheat contact Jay Chism in the Barton County Extension Center at (417) 682-3579. April 25, 2008 Show-Me-Select Bred Heifer Sale May 16 in Carthage The May 16 sale of Show-Me-Select (SMS) heifers at Joplin Regional Stockyards, Carthage will be smaller than usual, with only 125 heifers offered from nine consignors, according to Eldon Cole, University of Missouri Extension regional livestock specialist. The Show-Me-Select program is introducing a new level of participation this year which requires that Tier Two SMS heifers must be sired by bulls that have attained certain levels of EPD (expected progeny difference) accuracy for calving ease direct and maternal, weaning weight, carcass weight and marbling. Catalogs are now available at MU Extension centers in southwest Missouri which gives more details on the SMS program and the heifers in the sale. A pre-sale listing may also be accessed online at http://extension.missouri.edu/lawrence/. NEW CONSIGNORS In other areas of the state SMS heifer sales have had a shortage of consignments this year so those sales were cancelled. The southwest Missouri sale picked up heifers from Randy and Sherry Pace (West Plains), Jim Sampson (Hartville) and Gary Lawler (Warsaw) as a result of those cancellations. Other consignors include longtime participants John and Janet Massey (Aurora), Kleiboeker Farms (Wentworth), Ladd Ranches (Sparta), LaDon Potts (Jerico Springs), Hutter Farms (La Russell) and first-timer Sam Schaumann, (Billings). HEIFERS EVALUATED Heifers in the sale have been evaluated for pelvic size, reproductive tract soundness, checked for blemishes and pregnancy checked for expected calving date. All have been bred either naturally or artificially to bulls designated as satisfactory calving ease bulls. Additionally, they have been vaccinated and boostered for the basic respiratory viral diseases. Heifers have received official Brucellosis calf vaccination plus will have been tested negative prior to the sale. They will also have been tested and found negative for BVD-PI. Expected calving dates will run from mid-August to late November. Cole says roughly 90 percent of the heifers are black and black-whitefaced and a few carry 1/8 Brahman. MORE INFORMATION For more information, contact any of the MU Extension livestock specialists in southwest Missouri: Eldon Cole in Mt. Vernon, (417) 466-3102; Gary Naylor in Dallas County, (417) 345-7551; and Dona Funk in Cedar County, (417) 276-3313. University of Missouri Extension programs focus on the high-priority needs of Missourians. Each county extension center, with oversight by locally elected and appointed citizens, is your local link to practical education on almost anything. April 25, 2008 Beef Producers Serious About Staying in Business Should Consider Entering Steer Feedout by May 10 Deadline Persons with fall-born, steer calves have until May 10 to consign them to the Missouri Steer Feedout according to Eldon Cole, University of Missouri Extension livestock specialist. “The feedout program gives cow-calf producers a low-risk opportunity to assess the strengths and weaknesses of their beef herd’s genetic performance in the feedlot and in the carcass,” said Cole. Cole admits that $5.50 to $6 corn, current feedlot losses and somewhat pessimistic fed-cattle price outlook for later this year makes the feedout less attractive this year. “Still, producers who are serious about staying in the beef business and trying to capture better prices for their feeder calves still should consider entering the feedout,” said Cole. Market analysts say niche markets will play an increasing role in profitable beef cow operations in the future. Discovering what niche fits a herd best requires data gathering and risk taking according to Cole. Under the feedout program, a minimum of five fall-born steers are required. They are gathered at Joplin Regional Stockyards in early June and shipped to southwest Iowa for finishing. They typically are harvested around the Thanksgiving holiday. “Participants find out how order buyers, feedlot owners and packers see their calves during the whole process. This is very important as health, carcass grades and gains while on feed all impact profitability and can affect how your feeder calves sell in the future,” said Cole. Some feedout participants also discover their herd’s genetics don’t merit packer premiums while others are surprised that their cattle gain and grade with the best of them according to Cole. For more information about the feedout, contact any of the MU Extension livestock specialists in southwest Missouri: Eldon Cole in Mt. Vernon, (417) 466-3102; Gary Naylor in Dallas County, (417) 345-7551; and Dona Funk in Cedar County, (417) 276-3313. University of Missouri Extension programs focus on the high-priority needs of Missourians. Each county extension center, with oversight by locally elected and appointed citizens, is your local link to practical education on almost anything. April 25, 2008 Soil Tests Can Help Reduce Cost of Fertilizer, Improve Farm Production The cost of doing business continues to go up for the farmer. One of the largest price increases is in fertilizer. However one thing has remained the same. The best way to save on fertilizer is to get a soil test done at the nearest University of Missouri Extension center. Tim Schnakenberg, an agronomy specialist with MU Extension in Stone County, addresses the importance of soil tests and the reasons behind fertilizer increases in a Q&A this week. Q: We’ve been hearing about the cost of fertilizer going up. What is the cause of this increase? A: “In some cases the cost of fertilizer, such as N, P & K, has tripled. One of the biggest reasons is the increased demand for fertilizer from other countries. Much of the fertilizer manufactured in North American is being shipped elsewhere to satisfy a growing agricultural industry overseas.” Q: Nitrogen in particular has been affected. What has caused this to happen? A: “It takes natural gas to make ammonium nitrate (the most commonly used nitrogen fertilizer in the Ozarks) so the price is closely tied to the price of natural gas and the petroleum industry. That along with security issues that goes along with ammonium nitrate, there is a good chance that we will not have ammon nitrate in the future.” Q: What are some strategies farmers can use to get the most out of their fertilizer dollar? A: “Livestock producers are depending more heavily on legumes like clover and lespedeza in their pastures and hayfields. Legumes fix nitrogen from the air using bacteria on the roots, manufacturing as much as 200 lbs. of nitrogen per acre.” Q: How much can a farmer save with a soil test? A: “We’ve also seen an increase in soil tests through MU Extension centers. A soil test is the only way you can know exactly how much fertilizer is needed. One farmer I know budgeted $20,000 this year for fertilizer and decided to soil test to make sure he really needed it. He spent $270 on soil tests and realized he didn’t need but a fraction of the fertilizer he planned to apply.” For more information about soil tests, contact the nearest MU Extension Center. In the Springfield area, bring soil test samples by the MU Extension Center at 833 Boonville. An analysis will be returned with recommendations in seven to 10 days. April 25, 2008 Tree Grafting Workshop at Research Center May 6 The Southwest Research Center in Mt. Vernon will host a tree grafting workshop from 1 p.m. to 3 p.m., Tuesday, May 6. The workshop will be taught by Dr. Bill Reid of Kansas State University and Andrew Thomas from University of Missouri’s Southwest Research Center. “Tree grafting is both an art and a science. It is usually the best way to propagate named varieties of trees,” said Thomas. “Bring along a sharp grafting knife or small flat-bladed knife, and some sample branches of trees you’d like to graft.” Call the Southwest Research Center at (417) 466-2148 for more information or directions to the research center. April 25, 2008 Youth (ages 10 to 18) interested in learning about the dairy industry will want to register for 4-H Dairy Cow Camp, scheduled for May 28-30, 2008. “This camp draws attention to the importance of farming and its important role in Missouri’s economy. It provides youth a hands-on opportunity to care for dairy animals and learn about many aspects of dairy production while learning life-skills at the same time,” said Karla Deaver, a 4-H youth development specialist with University of Missouri Extension. Campers work in pairs under the direction of adults and take part in workshops to learn about judging dairy animals, dairy management, animal care ethics and showmanship. Persons working in the dairy industry visit with campers about careers in the dairy industry as well. A skillathon -- a method of involving 4-H’ers and their parents in challenging, learning-by-doing activities -- is also included in the camp. The activities, designed as a series of learning stations, help 4-H’ers develop both personal and project skills. “Participants at the 2008 cow camp will also be certified in the Show-Me Quality Assurance program. The primary goal of the program is to increase the knowledge and awareness of Missouri youth about food quality issues related to animal production,” said Deaver. A judging contest and showmanship competition provide the culmination for the camp. 4-H Dairy Cow Camp is a cooperative program between University of Missouri Extension and a number of industry sponsors, including Robthom Dairy, Dairy Farmers of America, Midwest Dairy Association, Main Street Feeds, Missouri Holstein Association, Missouri Dairy Association, Missouri Junior Holstein Association and the Webster County 4-H Council. For more information about cow camp, contact Deaver at the Lawrence County Extension Center in Mt. Vernon, (417) 466-3102, or the nearest MU Extension center. April 25, 2008 4-H Day with the Springfield Cardinals set for July 12 Saturday, July 12 will be 4-H Day with the Springfield Cardinals and 4-H families, alumni and friends from throughout southwest Missouri are invited to participate. According to Karla Deaver, 4-H youth development specialist with University of Missouri Extension, this activity provides a great opportunity for a family-friendly outing. “Our lives are very busy, and an evening at a baseball game is a good way to slow down and reconnect with your children,” said Deaver. This year’s game begins at 6:10 p.m. at Hammonds Field in downtown Springfield. The Cardinals will be playing the Northwest Arkansas Naturals. Special activities at the ballpark that evening include the Hiland Dairy Lunch Box Backpack Giveaway to the first 2,500 ticket holders under the age of 12 inside the ballpark. Tickets are available for $8 per person, and a special event t-shirt is available for $10. Seating for the 4-H group will be on the third-base side of the park. Orders must be postmarked by June 10. For an order form, or more information, contact Deaver at the Lawrence County Extension Center, (417) 466-3102, or contact the nearest county extension center. April 25, 2008 Stick to the Facts, Not the Fads, When it Comes to Dieting The American Dietetic Association can date fad diets back to 1820 when people went on the “Vinegar and Water Diet” to lose weight according to Tammy Roberts, nutrition and health education specialist, University of Missouri Extension. Since that time, there have been countless types of fad diets with many variations. “Before you start a program to take pounds off, know the facts about fad diets,” said Roberts. The first fact about fad diets is that they do not work well for permanent weight loss. “Eliminating foods or entire food groups from your diet only works for a limited amount of time. When you lose weight quickly you lose lots of water which is easily gained back,” said Roberts. This is especially true for detox diets which often allow only drinks during the process. Detox diets can be dangerous. Intestinal problems and heart rhythm abnormalities can result. The second fact about fad diets is that high protein low carbohydrate diets are not the healthiest way to lose weight. “We know that people can lose weight on this plan but we do not know the long-term effects of consuming a high protein low carbohydrate diet,” said Roberts. Fruits and vegetables are limited with this type of plan which means vitamins and mineral intake is decreased. When a person consumes a high amount of protein, large amounts of fat and cholesterol can be a part of that which is not good for heart health according to Roberts. Many people believe that starches are fattening. Bread, rice, pasta and starchy vegetables such as peas and potatoes are not excessively high in calories according to Roberts. “The thing that gets many of us in trouble with starchy foods is the foods we like to eat with them. That includes adding butter and sour cream to the baked potato or a creamy Alfredo sauce to the pasta,” said Roberts. Starches are complex carbohydrates which provide our body’s preferred source of energy. Complex carbohydrates, especially whole grains, can be an important source for nutrients. The last fact is that there is no food that a person can eat that will actually burn fat. “There are some fad diets that promote the use of a certain food such as grapefruit or cabbage because it will help burn fat. Only in your dreams! There is no food that burns fat,” said Roberts. There are things that a person can consume, like caffeine, which will slightly increase metabolism for a short period of time but not enough to promote any significant weight loss. “Food is meant to provide nourishment to our bodies. When entire food groups and nutrients are eliminated and that can be detrimental to health. The healthiest diet is one that includes a wide variety of foods from each of the food groups while limiting fat,” said Roberts. April 25, 2008 Senior Exercise Classes to be offered in Forsyth May 27 Taney County residents can experience a 10-week exercise program designed specifically for people age 50 and over starting May 27 at the Forsyth Community Presbyterian Church. “Stay Strong-Stay Healthy” emphasizes improving strength, balance and flexibility. The classes are based on a program developed by Tufts University and offered locally by offered by University of Missouri Extension. “Although aches and pains are a part of getting older, moderate physical activity can postpone some of them and lessen others. I have seen remarkable changes in the first group taking part in the program,” said Wayne Dietrich, program coordinator and one of the University of Missouri Extension specialists headquartered in Forsyth. The class is limited to 15 participants. All of the exercises are low impact, low weight and specifically designed for older adults. All necessary equipment is provided. The registration process includes a health assessment to determine an applicant’s ability and to determine if a physician’s release is needed. Weekly classes start at 10 a.m. and end at 11 a.m. Participants should expect to spend 90 minutes at the first class to allow for an orientation and health assessment. There is a $25 fee for the 10-week course. Adults in a defined income bracket may be eligible to receive a fee waiver. Anyone wanting more information, or wanting to sign up for the program, can contact the MU Extension in Taney County, 122 Felkins Ave, Forsyth, Mo. at (417) 546-4431. "4th place in Student 1st Amendment Essay Contest from Strafford," at Southwest Region News Service Blog -- online at southwestregionnewsservice.blogspot.com. PROGRAM OF WEEK: Staff at the MU Extension Center in Greene County, 833 Boonville, Springfield, Mo., will host an open house Friday, April 25 from 9:30 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. The new University of Missouri system President Gary Forsee will be an honored guest at the event. The open house provides an opportunity for area residents to learn more about MU Extension services in Greene County. For more information, contact the Greene County Extension Center at (417) 862-9284. WEBSITE PICK:The Society of Professional Journalist’s “Ethics Week” is April 21 – 27. This year’s theme is “Act Independently.” Journalists should be free of obligation to any interest other than the public’s right to know. To learn more visit www.spj.org/ethicsweek.asp. MU RESEARCH: Read this media release, "Triple Threat: Young Macho Men with Serious Injuries Often Abuse Alcohol" can be found at munews.missouri.edu/news-releases/2008. TABLE OF CONTENTS FOR APRIL 18, 2008 April 18, 2008 Household Inventory Helps With Documenting Personal Property Losses After a Disaster The task of putting lives back together after a natural disaster can be overwhelming when families try to repair and replace their homes and personal possessions. According to Annette FitzGerald, family financial education specialist with University of Missouri Extension, if you don’t already have a household inventory, now is the time to compile one. “For some, careful planning and recordkeeping may save them lots of frustration when it comes to insurance claims. For others the lack of records may not only hinder their recovery, but may shortchange them when it comes to being compensated for their losses,” said FitzGerald. Planning ahead is the key in the event an insurance claim must be filed. Whether your claim is large or small, the process of household recordkeeping is the same. University of Missouri Extension has a publication, EC 705, “Our Valuable Papers,” that is a comprehensive tool for recording important financial information, property inventories and professional advisors. Another helpful guide sheet is GH3831, “Managing Family Records.” To order either publication, call 1-800-292-0969 or visit the nearest MU Extension Center. “Make a section for each room in your home and list all the property in those rooms. Don't forget to include the attic, basement and garage. Attach receipts or bills of sale to the pages, if you have them. Remember that some items may require appraisals, as well,” said FitzGerald. FitzGerald also recommends using a camera when compiling your household inventory. “Photograph items throughout the rooms and list each item's value and other pertinent information on the back before putting them in your inventory book,” said FitzGerald. Another alternative would be using a video camera to go from room to room documenting possessions. “Talk your way through your home describing the item, date of purchase and it's cost. Don't forget to video the outside of your home, including the landscaping and outdoor furniture,” said FitzGerald. Once a household inventory has been put together it needs to be stored it in a safe place, like a safe deposit box. FitzGerald also recommends annually reviewing your homeowner's insurance policy to make sure you are adequately protected. Consider replacement value options, the extra cost may pay for itself in the event of a major loss. “Documenting what you own can be a daunting job, but if you're unfortunate enough to need the information you'll be glad that you took the time to do it,” said FitzGerald. April 18, 2008 First person column … What Catches the Eye of Cattle Buyers? By Eldon Cole, livestock specialist, MU Extension Spring bull-buying season is ending and there have been lots of breeding stock sales offered in southwest Missouri. I always watch the ads and attend some of the sales. I find it fascinating what attracts buyers to a sale and more importantly, what entices them to bid once they settle into their seats. After looking over a number of pre-sale ads in farm papers and breed magazines I believe most sellers of beef breeding stock have the Music Man’s philosophy when it comes to promoting their cattle. You’ll recall from the musical that the Music Man’s saying was, “You’ve got to know the territory and you’ve got to have a gimmick.” We’re all a little different in our thinking when it comes to how we approach developing our beef herds. What appeals to one person, turns another off. Some value and need certain traits in their program while another herd down the road already has too much of that trait. I tried to categorize some general themes expressed by the ads I’ve seen this spring. Which of these might attract you to a sale? Calving ease – low birth weights Most of these statements or promotions have merit and you might feel that you’d prefer to buy seedstock from breeders who can offer them all. Within each of these general statements, there were a number that offered more specific items that explained their program or “gimmick.” As a livestock specialist with MU Extension, objective data that can be compared with what your own herd needs would appeal to me. Some of these statements certainly qualify and should attract serious buyers. Breeders are becoming more high-tech in the information they offer and customer service is important. All of this information can be helpful tools and not just the Music Man’s “gimmick.” For more information, contact any of the MU Extension livestock specialists in southwest Missouri: Eldon Cole in Mt. Vernon, (417) 466-3102; Gary Naylor in Dallas County, (417) 345-7551; and Dona Funk in Cedar County, (417) 276-3313. ### Eldon Cole can be reached in the Lawrence County Extension Center at (417) 466-3102. He started as a livestock specialist with MU Extension in 1964. He has a Bachelor’s in agriculture from the University of Missouri and a Master’s in animal husbandry from MU. Livestock specialist like Cole can help with livestock nutrition, on-farm performance evaluation, steer feedouts, current livestock situation, livestock genetics, general livestock management, livestock marketing, producer organizations, livestock reproduction, field trials and demonstration, grazing management, fescue toxicosis and the Show-Me-Select Replacement Heifer program. April 18, 2008 Choose Healthy, Watch Portion Control, When Eating Out Hectic lifestyles are causing Americans to spend more of their food dollars at fast food and full service restaurants. “We don’t have easy access to nutrient information in a restaurant like we do from foods purchased at the grocery store but it is possible to choose healthfully when eating out,” said Tammy Roberts, nutrition and health education specialist, University of Missouri Extension. Roberts says there are several pointers to keep in mind when eating out. First and foremost, choose meats and poultry that are broiled, grilled or roasted. “This helps keep our fat consumption in check,” said Roberts. “It is also a good idea to substitute a salad or baked potato for French fries. Just make sure you choose a low-fat salad dressing.” It is important to remember that mayonnaise on sandwiches can add a significant amount of fat and calories. Roberts suggests using mustard or asking for a lower calorie spread on other sandwiches. Having a salad dressing on the side is also a good idea. And if ordering soup, go with a broth-based soup instead of a cream soup. “When choosing a sauce for pasta or another entree, remember that white or cream sauces are high in fat. Red or tomato sauces are a better choice for lower fat and calories,” said Roberts. When it comes to portion control, Roberts says splitting a meal or taking half home for later is the best way to deal with restaurants large portions. When it comes to fast food, Roberts recommends resisting the urge to mega-size meals. “That large burger and fries adds a double or triple dose of calories and fat. One large super-sized burger can provide all of the fat grams you should eat for an entire day,” said Roberts. All-you-can-eat buffets are great for the pocketbook but not as great for the waistline. Roberts says humans tend to eat more food if more food is in front of us. If a buffet is the only meal choice, be sure to take plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables. “Eating out has become a necessity for many of us. With planning and self discipline, it is possible to eat a healthful meal that will provide the important nutrients you need,” said Roberts. For more information on nutrition issues, contact any of the University of Missouri Extension offices in southwest Missouri, go online to http://extension.missouri.edu . April 18, 2008 Spring Rains Give Weeds a Headstart in Lawns Spring rains can bring new growth to area lawns. Unfortunately, moisture can also give weeds a head start in the season if some control measures are not followed. “A good weed control strategy is to manage turf with weed prevention in mind. Homeowners will have few problems if their cultural practices promote a dense, vigorous lawn,” said Jay Chism, agronomy specialist with University of Missouri Extension. Thick turf helps reduce weeds by preventing light to the soil were weed seeds are waiting to germinate. Chism says it is usually wise to begin the growing season with an application of crabgrass preventer. Normally, MU Extension specialists recommend that crabgrass preventer be applied by April 1 in the southern part of the state. “This season, however, due to cooler soil temperatures, homeowners still have time to get a pre-emergent herbicide down to help combat annual weeds such as crabgrass,” said Chism. Products containing dithiopyr (Dimension) will keep weeds seeds from germinating and will also kill small crabgrass that has just emerged. A second application may also be recommended six to eight weeks later for season long control. If broadleaf weeds are a nuisance, use a post-emergent herbicide. Many times these products may be listed as a “weed and feed” type product, combining fertilizer along with the herbicide. The chemical makeup may include 2, 4-D, dicamba, mecoprop, triclopyr in various combinations. These products will help control weeds like dandelions, henbit, chickweed, and clover without doing any damage to your grass. “It is important to understand how the herbicide is working to get good weed control. Herbicides are most effective and should be applied when weeds are small,” said Chism. It is also important for some products to be applied when the temperature is at least 60 degrees and no rain is in the forecast for 24 hours. Reading and understanding the label will help homeowners apply herbicides at the right time and in the correct amount. For more information, or answers to your specific lawn and garden questions, contact Jay Chism, agronomy specialist with University of Missouri Extension or contact one of the following Master Gardener Hotlines in southwest Missouri: Barton County, (417) 682-3579; Christian County, (417) 581-4853, Greene County, (417) 862-9284; Jasper County, (417) 358-2158; or Stone and Taney counties, (866) 357-6812. April 18, 2008 Top Questions of the Week on Master Gardener Hotline Ranges from Tomatoes and Henbit to Star of Bethlehem Trained volunteers working the University of Missouri Extension Master Gardener hotline in Greene County receive nearly 100 calls per week during the spring from homeowners and gardeners seeking informed advice. This past week, many callers to the hotline were concerned about the impact of the freeze on their plants and trees. But there were plenty of gardeners with other concerns on their mind also. The following are the six most popular questions and answers from the past week. Q: What will be the impact of the freeze on my flowering plants and fruit trees? Q: When is the best time to plant tomatoes? Q: How can I control Henbit? Q: Is it too late to have a soil test done? Q: My rhubarb plant is bolting. What should I do? Q: What kind of fertilizer should I use for a gooseberry bush? Other questions received more than once this past week include how to start seeds inside (guide sheet G6570 “Starting plants from seeds”), how to keep deer out of gardens and crops (Pub MP 685 “Controlling Deer Damage”), what is the best time to fertilize lawns (Pub 6705 “Cool Season Lawn Maintenance Calendar”) and how to use raised bed gardens (guide sheet G6985). BRINGING IN SAMPLES Volunteers working the Master Gardeners hotline in Greene County also had some unusual samples brought in during the week for identification. One home owner had Gardenia leaves that had edges turning brown. She was advised about the need for consistent watering and even temperature and given a copy of guide sheet 6510 “Caring for houseplants” for more information. An unusual plant brought in this past week was identified as a Star of Bethlehem. This plant was originally introduced as an ornamental but it now grows wild and is considered a noxious weed. The entire plant, including the bulbs, is toxic to livestock. Treatment with herbicides containing 2,4-D, such as Trimec Classic, should be applied in late fall and again in late winter on warm days above 50 degrees. This procedure may need to be repeated for a couple of years to eliminate the plant. Another homeowner this week brought in a tree branch encased in Japanese Honeysuckle -- a vine that covers the ground or climbs trees, eventually girdling and killing the plant. Japanese Honeysuckle may be manually removed by digging roots (repeatedly), or chemical treatment can also be used to remove this invasive plant. Apply a 2.5 percent mixture of a glyphosate-based herbicide to leaves any time between spring and fall. Repeat applications may be needed. MORE INFORMATION For more information, or answers to your specific lawn and garden questions, contact Jay Chism, agronomy specialist with University of Missouri Extension or contact one of the following Master Gardener Hotlines in southwest Missouri: Barton County, (417) 682-3579; Christian County, (417) 581-4853, Greene County, (417) 862-9284; Jasper County, (417) 358-2158; or Stone and Taney counties, (866) 357-6812. April 18, 2008 Greene County Residents Receive State 4-H Leader Awards By Eileen Yager, communications officer MU Janice Cooper of Strafford and Jeanne Luttrell of Springfield received the Frank Graham Leadership Award from the Missouri 4-H Foundation, March 28. The award honors individuals who volunteer their time to work with young people enrolled in University of Missouri Extension’s 4-H youth development program. It is named for the former MU Extension 4-H director, Frank Graham of Columbia. Cooper is the leader of the Highmark 4-H Club in Greene County, assisting with developing bylaws, recruiting club members, and chaperoning field trips and club activities. Luttrell has been a project leader for nine years, helping young people learn about dairy, goats, cats and dogs. She was nominated by the 4-H Leaders Council, which is comprised of older 4-H members. “We are proud to recognize our dedicated volunteers with the Frank Graham Leadership Award,” said Cheryl Reams, the foundation’s executive director. “It is important to Mr. Graham and the Missouri 4-H Foundation Board of Trustees that the recipients of this award receive a quality educational experience and public recognition for their dedication and service to Missouri 4-H youths.” April 18, 2008 Incubating Eggs Remains Popular 4-H Program for Some In Polk County, University of Missouri Extension continues to offer an embryology program (specifically the incubation of chicken eggs) to local schools. According to Teresa Bishop, 4-H youth development specialist in Polk County, the embryology program is great for any classroom because it supplements school science curriculum. “Children not only learn how a chick develops within an egg and have a chance to see the actual hatching of a chick, but they also learn about the care and nurturing of living beings,” said Bishop. The effort provides students an opportunity to study and observe the growth and development of the chick embryo, brood chicks in the classroom, and observe chick growth and feathering. This project can be used by teachers of all grades. Embryology has also been used to teach skills ranging from telling time and math to biology and much more. “A few ways this project has been used include dealing with disabilities when one of the chicks is born crippled, learning about measurements by weighing the chick, and learning about time when turning the egg before the chick hatches,” said Bishop. OTHER RESOURCES |
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